Socialism in China is a great undertaking that is still under construction. Similarly, theoretically analyzing and understanding the ongoing socialist practice unfolding in China, and exploring its theoretical significance, is also a great cause. The two articles featured on the cover of this issue offer in-depth interpretations of the theoretical question of "socialism" from different perspectives: one from the broad history of the world socialist movement, and the other from the intricate composition of China's traditional social structure and ideology.